an abstinent Christmas for malaria mosquitos

This, from News Daily [here is the original research article in PLoS Biology]

Interfering in mosquitoes’ sex lives could help halt the spread of malaria, British scientists said on Tuesday.

A study on the species of mosquito mainly responsible for malaria transmission in Africa, Anopheles gambiae, showed that because these mosquitoes mate only once in their lives, meddling with that process could dramatically cut their numbers.

Researchers from Imperial College London found that a “mating plug” used by male mosquitoes to ensure their sperm stays in the right place in the female is essential for her to be able to fertilize eggs during her lifetime. …

“The plug plays an important role in allowing the female to successfully store sperm in the correct way inside her, and as such is vital for successful reproduction,” Flaminia Catteruccia of Imperial’s life sciences department wrote.

“Removing or interfering with the mating plug renders copulation ineffective. This discovery could be used to develop new ways of controlling populations of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, to limit the spread of malaria.”

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my (and the pro’s) reviews of Brian Wansink’s Mindless Eating (audiobook narrated by Marc Cashman)

fascinating compilation of loads of food experiments + a little self-help

This is one-part self-help book and several parts a popularization of a fascinating body of research This book is part of the now-very-ample tradition of writing books that popularize social science experiments: among others, the near neighbors of Mindless Eating include Freakonomics (economics), Predictably Irrational (behavioral economics), The Tipping Point (social psychology), and Stumbling on Happiness (psychology).

Relative to its neighbors, this book has two great strengths: its focus and its practicality. Because Wansink has done so many experiments over the years in a focused vein, he is able to keep the book trained on why we eat as much as we do. (Chapter 6 is a tangent, on how we make food more appetizing, but it’s interesting enough that we forgive him.) And Wansink tries to translate the implications of each experiment into a practical action.

This is the kind of experiment he describes:

1.We invited people to the movies and gave each person a bucket of stale popcorn, some a big bucket and some a gigantic bucket. No one finished their popcorn, but the people with giant buckets ate much more. Practical action: Eat from smaller plates and smaller containers.

2.We gave people big bags of 100 M&Ms, with the M&Ms split into smaller bags inside. Some people had 10 smaller bags of 10 M&Ms, some of 5 of 20, etc. Who ate the most M&Ms? Practical action: Split your food into smaller packages to create pause points.

The disadvantage of the focus is that a few times I felt the book get repetitive. But overall, it was fascinating work. One of the key take-aways is how affected people are by these subtle biases even once they know about them. There is no solution but to use smaller plates or otherwise affect the environment.

My only other critique was that Wansink hadn’t actually tested some of the behavioral recommendations, like making a list of three ways to reduce your calories by unnoticeable amounts and then checking off the three each day. How often would people stick to such a program? How often would they overcompensate in other areas, nullifying the effect? We don’t know. With so many experiments, why not actually test the behavioral recommendations?

Overall, though, I really enjoyed the book. It was entertaining, insightful, and it had some real practicality to boot. (I now eat off tiny plates and try to eat until I’m not hungry rather than until I’m full.)

I listened to the unabridged audiobook – 5 CDs, narrated by Marc Cashman. The narration was lively and entertaining.

See below for the professional reviews…

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resenha do filme Se Eu Fosse Você 2

um desapontamento depois de seu predecessor bobo mas encantador

Uns anos depois do primeiro filme (e se você ainda não assistiu ao primeiro filme, bom, se eu fosse você, iria assistir aquele primeiro que foi muito melhor), a relação entre o casal (Helena e Claudio) tem deteriorado de novo até a decisão de se separar. Depois de uma discussão barulhenta sobre a divisão dos bens, Claudio e Helena… trocam de corpos de novo [surpresa!]. Varias situações cômicas seguem: Helena – no corpo de Claudio – participa num jogo de futebol e tem medo da bola; Claudio – no corpo de Helena – “ajuda” a planejar o casamento de sua filha.

No primeiro filme, além das cenas cômicas (que foram muito mais cômicas que as cenas neste filme), observamos a reconciliação gradual do casal, como os dois chegaram a apreciar o um para o outro de novo. Neste filme, quase não observamos nada da relação mesma. Só temos as cenas cômicas e depois, alguns mal-entendidos ficam aclarados e o casal fica enamorado justo a tempo para uma cena de dança coreografada no casamento da filha. Também fiquei desapontado que este filme se rebaixou para fazer varias piadas da homosexualidade potencial de Helena no corpo de Claudio, enquanto o filme anterior evitou esse humor por completo. Não vale assistir: fica com o primeiro.

Nota sobre o conteúdo: Este filme tem classificação 10 no Brasil embora fale do sexo e da gravidez entre adolescentes. Não ocorre o sexo no filme mesmo mas o casal transa fora da tela. Nada forte.

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(audio) book review: Pride & Prejudice, by Jane Austen (narrated by Donada Peters)

witty story, lovely prose, lovely audiobook reading

I know the story. I’ve seen a few cinematic versions (the Kiera Knightley version, the Bollywood-Hollywood fusion version, even the Mormon version), and I admit that I mostly decided to read this because I wanted to read Pride & Prejudice & Zombies and one review suggested that the appreciation of that book would be much better having recently read the original, which I believe I read once, about fifteen years ago.

Donada Peters’ reading of this audiobook was just perfect. (I was missing the last CD and was unwilling to read the end, as Peters’ reading was so enjoyable.) The story doesn’t need my endorsement, and it took a little while to draw me in, but I loved it in the end.

Note on content: This book has snobby people.

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(audio) book review: The Lightning Thief, by Rick Riordon, narrated by Jesse Bernstein

fun adventure, but too much like Harry Potter and annoying narrator for the audiobook

So there’s an eleven year old boy who lives with a nasty step-dad named Mr. Dursley – sorry, it’s Smelly Gabe. He learns that he is special and goes to a special school – sorry, camp – where there is a kindly teacher who likes him, Dumbledore – sorry, Kairon, and a mean teacher who doesn’t, Snape – sorry, Mr. D. He then goes on a quest to save the world with a really smart girl named Hermione – sorry, Annabeth – and a goofy friend named Ron – sorry, Grover. Of course, no adults can help save the world. It’s just these crazy kids.

What’s different? Rather than the magic of Harry Potter, we learn that the Greek gods are alive and well, working behind the veil of human vision. We meet all kinds of major gods, minor gods, demigods, mythical monsters, and other characters. It got me excited about re-reading some of the Greek mythology that I enjoyed so much as a youth.

I wish Jim Dale – the superb narrator of the Harry Potter audiobooks – had narrated these. Instead, Jesse Bernstein does his best eleven-year-old voice, aka annoying voice, and the accents are just bizarre (Zeus was my “favorite”).

This was a fun listen; it totally drew me in, despite (or maybe because of) the similarities to the little boy wizard. The gods and creatures really make the story, much more than the protagonists. It will be interesting to see that dynamic evolve over the next books.

Note on content: No sex, no strong language that I can remember (besides words like “stupid”), and the violence is pretty veiled.

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reading chart & schedule for the WHOLE Old Testament

In my faith, we will be studying the Old Testament over the course of 2010.  For those who want to plan and track your reading, here are a couple of resources:

Charts (so you can check off each day’s reading, for people like me who that helps):  Page 2 of this PDF has the whole Old Testament.  So does a chart here.

This calculator helps you figure out exactly what to read each day if you want to read the Old Testament in a year (or in two years).  Here is what it looks like for one year.

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plenty of popcorn to get you through the long space voyage

We also spent part of one holiday season weighing the uneaten popcorn left behind (or thrown away) after the upbeat movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding, and compared it with the popcorn left after the gloomy “intellectual” film Solaris. Our garbology director showed that the average buckets of popcorn left behind in Solaris had 29 percent less popcorn in them than those left behind in the happy movie.

(from Brian Wansink, Mindless Eating, p144-145)

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Margaret Mead leaves Samoa to sell brains and stomach to hungry Americans

During World War II, much of America’s domestic meat was being shipped overseas to feed soldiers and allies. As a result, there was a growing concern that a lengthy war would leave the United States protein-starved. The potential solution to this problem lay in what were then called organ meats: hearts, kidneys, liver, brains, stomachs, intestines, and even the feet, ears, and head of cows, hogs, and sheep. The challenge was how to encourage Depression-era Americans to incorporate these into their diet. To do this, the Department of Defense recruited Margaret Mead and dozens of the brightest, and subsequently most famous, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, food scientists, dieticians, and home economists in the nation. Their task: to make families rush to the dinner table for liverloaf and kidney pie.

(from Brian Wansink, Mindless Eating, p134-135 – more detailed analysis is in Wansink’s “Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front: Lost Lessons from World War II Research,” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 21:1 (Spring 2002): 90-99.

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resenha do filme Vidas Secas (1963)

lenta, seria vista (mas com esperança) da vida dos pobres no nordeste do Brasil

O filme começa e termina com quase a mesma cena: um homem, uma mulher, seus dois meninos, andando a pe. No tempo entre o começo e ao final, as vezes a vida melhora (o homem acha um trabalho de vaqueiro) e piora (o homem vai para a carcere por causa de um policial corrupto), mas a fundação, o permanente na vida da família, é o andar, o procurar alguma coisa, tomara que seja uma coisa melhor mas pelo menos algumas coisa. E se a melhorias não permanecem, pelo menos também não permanecem os azares da vida, porque a familia está determinada a sobreviver, seja qual seja o custo. O filme bem apresenta a perspectiva de todos na familia: a desesperação do homem quando a policia e os políticos se aproveitam dele, a desesperação quieta da mulher enquanto tenta manter a família comendo, o aborrecimento das crianças. Este último se reflete no fato de que se fala pouco no filme: de que há de falar?

Na última parte deste filme, uma das crianças pergunta para sua mãe: Como é o inferno? É um lugar para onde vão os condenados, cheio de fogueira, espeto quente. Uns momentos depois, o menino olha para o mundo em volta dele e observa: Inferno. Logo sua mãe sai a recolher agua de uma poça patética. Inferno.

Mas apesar de tudo, a familía acha esperança. Depois de tudo, há uma grande diferença entre a cena inicial e a final. Ao final, depois de achar e deixar um trabalho, de receber abuso da polícia, a mulher e seu homen andam falando do futuro, da possibilidade de – algum dia – de dormir numa cama de couro. De – como disse a mulher – ser gente.

Nota de conteúdo: Este filme se pode assistar por qualquer idade. Agora bem, provavelmente as crianças (e alguns dos adultos) vão dormir pela lentidão do filme, mas pelo menos não vão se ofender.

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(awesome) book review: Gun, with Occasional Music, by Jonathan Lethem

The book is awesome, not the review.

beautifully done crime novel with a subtle-ish dose of Where Are We All Headed? I read it in 24 hours

I’m currently reading Nick Hornby’s The Polysyllabic Spree, and he mentioned reading Lethem’s Fortress of Solitude, which reminded how much several people I know loved Lethem’s Motherless Brooklyn, which in turn reminded me of a little science fiction (ish) novel that Lethem wrote back in 1994 which I had wanted to read. That’s the genealogy. I picked up the book last week, and I basically read it in the last 24 hours (while traveling from DC to Atlanta to Rio to Brasilia). It had me completely captivated.

A hard-boiled detective addicted to dope and flowery metaphors goes up against the institutional cops to solve a murder. And there’s a kangaroo with a gun. And a house that’s a hologram. And people getting frozen (think Han Solo at the end of The Empire Strikes Back). But before you stop, the beauty of Lethem’s novel is that it doesn’t feel like science fiction. It feels like a captivating crime noir novel. The reason is that Lethem reels you in at the first pages with the story and the character, and only bit by bit, over time, do you realize that the world is different from our own (right now). (One problem with much science fiction and fantasy is that it requires such a massive investment to start the book: the planet of what? the what-reorganizing matter machine? huh?) And the science fiction elements all feel relevant: the walking, talking animals are the result of artificial evolution processes, and everyone is taking to dope to forget their lives (think a gritty Brave New World). The crime story itself has the requisite zillion twists and turns, and Lethem leads us right up to an impressively surprising finale.

Note: Lots of strong language, a fair amount of violent, and some sexual content.

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